If you look at the following diagram from Randall at AR-15Barrels, you can deduce the port position.
http://www.ar15barrels.com/prod/med.shtml
I have a photo Randall sent me of my barrel in production, and the pistol port is located just forward of 4.5" from the breech end of the barrel. Take the gas block, slide it onto the barrel until it is 4.5" from the breech end of the barrel (not including the barrel extension) and see how far down the barrel you will have to drill the gas port in order to have it line up with the gas port in your gas block. My guess would be close to 5.25" from the breech end of the barrel.
On a 16" barrel, this gives 10-11 inches of travel/time while the bullet is still in the barrel, but past the gas block, and allows adequate gas pressure to actuate the bolt carrier. If the distance from the port to the muzzle is too short, the bullet leaves the barrel and the gas pressure drops before the gas system has had enough pressure and time to fully actuate the bolt carrier.
Does this answer your question?
Trigger