What Greywuuf said is correct in that as if your receiver was built originally as a pistol it is a pistol forever (UNLESS YOU REGISTER IT AS A SBR or AOW)... With that said, if you take a pistol receiver and build it as a rifle I am quite confident that nobody would recognize it as a pistol and there isn't anything illegal about making a pistol look like a rifle (Contender as the example).
Also, as for loosing guns... I have an AR-15 upper that seems to be lost at home somewhere and it has a 20-inch barrel...
If I were looking to do what you are describing I would be very tempted to look at a Remington Model 7 action as I am pretty sure it is essentially the same action as the XP-100. Then again, I don't have an XP-100 sitting around that I could chop up either but a matching carbine and pistol in this cartridge could be a lot of fun ;)
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